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Schivelbusch's A Railway Journey published, originally in German in 1977 and in English in 1986, uses a cultural studies approach, which shows how technology and culture are interrelated. Introduced by Alan Trachtenberg, it has had a…

Jonathan Crary uses a discursive construction, based on Foucault, to define the modern observer. The observer is not only one who sees, but also one who obeys strictly defined rules and operates within a clearly delineated set of assumptions. Crary…

Foucault’s description of the Panopticon is a construction useful for understanding new power relationships in the nineteenth century related to perception. Through the technique of juxtaposition, Foucault sets out to show significant changes,…

Life of an American Fireman is a 1903 film by Edwin S. Porter. Depicting the rescue of a woman from a burning building, it is one of the earliest American narrative films.

The film is notable for its unusual editing style. Near the end of the…

The Great Train Robbery is a 1903 western film by Edwin S. Porter. Twelve minutes long, it is considered a milestone in film making, expanding on Porter's previous work Life of an American Fireman. The film used a number of innovative techniques…